Title of Paper

Mathematical Model for the Evaluation of Technical Losses in Sub transmission Electrical Networks

Authors:Igor R. Pérez Maliuk, Olga Pérez Maliukr, Alvaro Laurencio Pérez, Ignacio Romero Rueda............................. .

Crossref DOI:..https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_01  ...............................................................Country: Cuba

Abstract— According to studies carried out, it is estimated that electrical losses due to ohmic effect in conductors can reach up to 70% of the total losses in electrical systems. In the work, a mathematical model is established for the evaluation of technical losses in subtransmission networks of the Holguín province, which considers the effective length of the circuit, the resistance in the conductors and the number of clients connected to said circuit. This calculation model allows, on the basis of the general information available from the circuit (global information), to evaluate the losses, establishing certain simplifications with respect to traditional methods. The results obtained were verified with those of the Radial software. The statistical results indicate that there are no significant differences in means, so the model calculates practical results similar to Radial.

Keywords— Electrical Charge; Mathematical Model; Technical Losses

Development of Preparation Method and Application of Biochar

Authors: Chongyang Han, Feiyang Chen,Chen Lian, Rongxuan Liang, Wenjin Liang, Ming Chen, Ansheng Luo, Ting Gao

Crossref DOI:. https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_02  ........................................................... Country: China

Abstract— With the depletion of global resources and the deterioration of the environment, biochar is regarded as one of the new clean energy sources for improving the environment. The raw materials for biochar preparation include plant waste, animal manure, municipal waste and sludge, etc. Because of its large specific surface area, high carbon content, strong adsorption capacity and high stability, it has attracted more and more attention from scientists. This article reviews the current research status of biochar by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years, focusing on the preparation methods of biochar, its adsorption in aquatic environment and the improvement of soil physical and chemical environment and other related applications; and according to the research in biochar. For the existing problems, The article put forward some objective development suggestions.

Keywords—Biochar; Preparation Method; Physical and Chemical Environment; Sustainable Green Development

Automation Aids Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Machines

Authors: Raymond T. Morassini, Ravindra Thamma, E. Daniel Kirby.................................................................... .....

Crossref DOI:.https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_03  ..............................................................Country: USA

Abstract— Abrasive waterjet cutters are modern manufacturing machines that can produce high quality parts at a high rate. This machine uses automation to control several electro-mechanical components that enable the machine to execute flawlessly.

Keywords—Abrasive Waterjet Cutting, Abrasive Waterjet Machine, Automation, Automated Manufacturing.

Effect of Cultivar performance on Conservation Agriculture on Sorghum Yield in Rain-fed Areas, Sennar State, Sudan

Authors:Eltayeb I. Hassan, Mohamed A. S. Ibrahim, Ibrahim E. Mohamed..C....................................................... .....

Crossref DOI:: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_04 ......................................... .....................Country: Sudan

Abstract- Rain-fed agriculture in Sinnar state, central Sudan is one of the main areas for producing sorghum. The conventional farming (CF) system for sorghum is achieved by the use of wide level disc (WLD) for seed bed preparation and seeding plus use of low inputs. Conservation agriculture (CA) was tested elsewhere and proved its successfulness. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of conservation agriculture under rain-fed condition compared with other methods, zero-tillage and conventional tillage on productivity of three sorghum cultivars, namely Buttana, Arfa Gadamak-8 (AG-8) and Ummbenine-20. Sorghum cultivars and methods of land preparation (WLD, Chesil and CA) were tested under rain-fed area in AbuNaama research station Farm (ARSF), Sennar State, Sudan, for two seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16. Split plot design with three replications was used, land preparation methods in main plots and cultivars in sub plots. The traits measured were days to 50% flowering, plant height, plant population, and total grain yield. The highest grain yield in season 2014/15 at ARS was recorded by AG-8 (2521 kg/ha) when WDL was practiced, Where as the lowest grain yield was obtained by Buttana (1472 kg/ha) when zero-tillage was practiced, but in season 2015/2016 the height grain yield was recorded buy Ummbennine -20 when chesil plow (WH) was practice. Combined analysis of season X cultivars and location X cultivars indicated that the highest grain yield was obtained by Ummbenine-20 in the first season 2014/2015 and Arfa gadamak-8 at ARS location, respectively. Based on the results of this study it could be recommended that farmers in the rain-fed sector should adopt conservation agriculture (chisel plow) when the rainfall is limited as a technology for water harvesting coupled with sorghum cultivars AG-8 and/or/Ummbenine-20

Keywords- Cultivar, WDL, Ummbennine

Modelling a Renewable Power Project

Author: Abubaker Eferjani Seni Shanta....................................................................................................... ..........

Crossref DOI:.https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_05 .............................................................. Country: Serbia

Abstract- This paper research possibilities for new sources of energy supply in the future is to find a combination of techniques and the resources available to generate electricity.
The use of modern tools for simulation when planning projects independent of renewable energy reduces the project risk.. However, this powerful simulation tool that provides technical and economic analysis detailed easy to use for many types of power does not exist yet. It provides a new simulation environments greenius forum all these features. The main focus in the development of this program is easy to use interface and the expense of performance. According to some of the results of the simulation program the capabilities of the Greenius software is very large and important.
This paper describes the scenario of supply and demand opportunities for new energy resources

Keywords- Energy Supply, Greenius Software, EUMENA Countries, Electricity Consumption Sustainability Standards, Renewable Energy

Purification of Biogas: A Quantitative Assessment of Processes

Author: Jefferson da Silva .Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_06 ............,.......... . Country: Brazil

Abstract— Introduction: Renewable energy sources are a very valuable asset and, in this context, biogas is a clean and ecological fuel. The different biogas purification processes have their advantages and disadvantages. Each process used depends on the end use of the biogas. The better the purification process, the greater the heating power of biogas. Objective: To gather and describe in a systematic, objective and practical way the main strategies used to determine the biogas purification process and propose the possibility of new strategies. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out with a search for the descriptor “biogas purification” in English. Studies with titles not directly related to the research topic, older studies and studies that report repeated strategies were excluded. Results: The standard strategy for choosing the biogas purification process is its final use, the operational costs of the purification process and the type and quantities of contaminants found. Conclusion: The strategy to determine the biogas purification process is standard in the researched literature. The measurement and evaluation parameters are different in the studies carried out, which justifies, therefore, the difference in the final products and suggested objectives. More significant criteria pointing to the development of new biogas purification processes are not considered. This study showed the importance of conducting more research on the topic in order to provide the development of more efficient biogas purification processes, increasing its calorific value and, consequently, its energetic power.
Biogas, Purification of Biogas, Biomass, Methane, Hydrogen sulphide.

Keywords— Biogas, Purification of Biogas, Biomass, Methane, Hydrogen Sulphide.

Electromagnetism and Pseudo Forces as Natural Outcomes of Covariance of Newtonian Mechanics

Author: Dr. Dev Raj Mishra .Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_07 ........................ Country: India

Abstract — Covariant formulation of Newton’s second law of motion using Energy-Momentum four-vector was deduced. This covariant law or the covariant form of Newton’s Second Law of Motion relates the spatial-temporal variations of the components of the Energy-Momentum four-vector. It postulates that the variation in one component is related to that in the other component. This covariant law successfully explains the various pseudo-forces observed in nature for example the observed up-thrust on an object in a frame of reference in a falling container (which can be a descending lift or a satellite) or the observed radially outward centrifugal force on an object in rotational motion. This law also explains a hypothetical process of conversion of a photon into a material particle. The covariant law also confirms the appearance of the Lorentz force and successfully leads to the evaluation of the corresponding electromagnetic field tensor components as outcomes of the variations of electrical energy and momentum over spatial and temporal co-ordinates. This law has the potential that can lead to new results in theoretical physics and new explanations to physical observations.
Keywords—Covariance, Electromagnetic Field Tensor, Four-vectors, Minkowski Space time, Pseudo-Forces

Two New Methods of Motion Mitigation of Ships with Small Wate-Plane Area at Zero and Low Speeds.

Author: Victor A. Dubrovsky.Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_08 ........................Country: Russia

Abstract-- Motion mitigation at zero and low speeds is a big problem, because nothing devices, which generate mitigation forces at speed, can be applied. But specificities of ships with small water-plane area, SWA ships, allow solving the problem.
Decreased immersed volume near the design water-line is the reason of sufficient specificities of ships with small water-plane area, firstly - the possibility of big changing of draft by small enough water ballast; and secondly - the decreased longitudinal stability; it means, big enough trim can be generated by small enough trimming moment; besides, such ships have big enough natural periods of motions. Big natural periods mean these ships have resonant motions at rest or at small speeds at following waves.
Some SWA ships have a special ballast system for sufficiently changing of draft; the system is activated by air. The same system can be applied for motion mitigation, in main – at zero and low speeds. Two options of the method and corresponded system are examined, including an example of the systems elements for 600-t SWATH? Which model was tested in the seakeeping basin of Krylov Shipbuilding Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia.
The estimations show the examined methods can be effective enough: pitch decreasing at two times at Sea State 6, roll decreasing to elimination at side waves. But the method needs for big enough power, which is comparable with the power of main engines. It means, most convenient realization of the systems can be carried out at not so fast ships with electric transmission to propulsors.
For example, the examined ship can have full speed about 15 knots, if full power of motion mitigation system will be used for sailing. Here the main engine works or for full speed, or for motion mitigation at zero and small speeds.
Some model tests are recommended for more exact definition of the needed elements of the systems, especially – of the second one.

Keywords- Ships with small water-plane area, Motion Mitigation, zero and low speeds, Seaworthiness, Mitigation System, Air activated ballast tanks, Mitigation by Air Bubble

Bio Mechanic Analysis & Rapid Prototyping of Prosthetics of Knee Joint

Authors: Hemant Hogade, Pranav Pulkundwar, Ishaan Rajbhar, Nikhil Raut, Vijay Yadav..............................................

Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_09 ...................................................................Country: India

Abstract: This project studies and analyses total knee replacement joint. The steps followed in this are Information gathering, Getting the design and dimensions, Solid-works Modeling, Analysis in ANSYS Workbench and in Minitab, 3D printing and physical model generation of the knee prosthetic joint. Required information was gathered by visiting an orthopedic and reviewing various different literature papers. This gave us an overall view of the full project and helped us to plan further steps accordingly. The design is not readily available and it took quite a long time to get the perfect design. The design was 3D modeled in SolidWorks. This was going to serve as the basic step that will eventually culminate into a 3D printed model. The analysis was done in ANSYS Workbench. We estimated the load as approximately five times the body weight of a person. We assumed the average weight of a person as 70 kg for analysis. The process of rapid prototyping was done with a 3D printer “Ultimaker”. We used 'Cura' software for controlling the dimensions and different parameters for rapid prototyping. We used the Taguchi Experimental Design Method to do stress and cost optimization. This helped us in optimizing the entire design process. Lastly, a prototype model was prepared for understanding physical anatomy of knee joint.

Keywords: Tibia, Femur, Total Knee Replacement, Taguchi Experimental Design Method, 3D Printing

Assessing the Quality of Groundwater in Gangajalghati Block of Bankura District, West Bengal for Agricultural and Drinking Suitability

Authors: Anindita Mukherjee, Sisir Kanti Nag............................................................................................................

Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_10 ...................................................................Country: India

Abstract— Achieving water security target, delineation of safe, sustainable resources of water is a prime necessity. In the present case, an investigation was carried out on the hydrogeochemical characteristics in order to find out the usability of groundwater as an alternative and reliable resource to municipal supplied water in the Gangajalghati block of Bankura District in West Bengal. Samples of groundwater were taken from 21 bore wells spreading well over the entire region. After doing hydrochemical analysis, the groundwater quality was determined and also the distribution of parameters of groundwater quality like hardness, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of different cations and anions (Cations like Ca, Na, Mg, K, Fe and anions like Cl, SO4, HCO3 and F) have been carried out.
From the physical parameters, which include pH, TDS and EC , revealed that samples of water analysed are not responsible for any health effects and were safe for domestic and agricultural purposes. The chemical parameters (sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and fluoride) are lying below the hazardous ranges in majority places (80–90%). Concentration of Iron (Fe) is comparatively much high in comparison to acceptable limits in five places. To find out the groundwater suitability, calculation of other water quality parameters, e.g., SAR, SSP, MAR, RSC, PI, and KR have been performed. The SAR values of all samples are found to be good to permissible range both in pre- and post-monsoon sessions. Hence, the water can be used safely for irrigation purposes. The values of SSP, following the diagram of Wilcox (1955) , suggest that water samples , are indicative of excellent to good and good to permissible categories in both pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon. Considering the remaining irrigational parameters, the groundwater of the present area is observed to be good in major areas while it is found to be moderately good in rest of the areas. Gibb’s diagram suggest a central rock dominance category for the all samples. Schoeller diagram, also indicate that in majority of places, the water is good for using in domestic purposes. Hence, the study suggests that interaction prevailing in between the groundwater and subsurface litho-units, are the main controlling factor of groundwater chemistry. All these results indicate the chemistry of groundwater and its utility in domestic as well as irrigation purposes, are good to moderate except a few locations.
After comparing the results of analysed parameters with that the standards set by WHO for drinking uses, it has been found to be good and can safely be used for drinking purposes.

Keywords— Agricultural and Drinking suitability, Bankura, Gangajalghati, Statistical correlation, Water quality.

Analysis of Factors that Influence Productivity through Algorithmic Models

Authors: Dr. Samuel Lara Escamilla, MSHO. Guillermina Torres Arreola...................................................................

Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_11 .................................................................Country: Mexico

Abstract— This research article emerges to present an analysis of algorithmic models based on operations research and determine the factors that influence productivity.

Keywords— Linear programming, Operations Research, Hungarian Method, productivity, Ergonomics

Analytical Study of Equation of Motion of the Centre of Mass

Author : Sadhana Kumari ............................................................................................................................................................... ............. Crossref DOI: https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_12 .................................................................Country: India

Abstract--This paper presents the study of the motion of a system of two satellites connected by a light, flexible and extensible string in central gravitational field of the earth. Here, it is proved in this paper that central of Mass of the system of two satellites connected by an extensible string in the central gravitational field of attraction moves along Keplerian elliptical orbit.

Keywords-- Equation of Mass, Central Mass, Gravitational Field, Elliptical Orbit